Preventive Legal Care – Relatively Simple Things Make Large Differences in Legal Costs

March 7th, 2010

A commentary by Dallas Attorney Mark Nacol,
of the Nacol Law Firm PC.

During the last 37 years of general practice in a number of civil areas, I have had the opportunity to observe repetitive mistakes and decisions made by clients in regard to whether or not preventive legal care is cost-worthy.

Most prudent people do not think twice about having their teeth cleaned, becoming vaccinated for the flu or other childhood illnesses, going to their doctor if they are dizzy, having speech problems or other symptoms of stroke diagnosed or changing the oil in their automobile.

The average person clearly acknowledges the flu shot is definitely preferable to two weeks in bed.  Basic dental hygiene trumps a root canal every time.  A blood thinner medication is far preferable to paralysis or brain damage, and early detection of cancer or other invasive diseases, may significantly improve prognosis for recovery.

On the other hand, when it comes to the ordinary individual’s legal needs, I have noted throughout the years and continue to note a juvenile and somewhat cavalier attitude.  The result is denial and refusal to consider relatively small fees required to bring preventive legal care into play.

Depending on the size and nature of a man, woman or a couple’s estate, probate planning in the form of wills, durable powers of attorney, medical directives, medical authorizations, medical powers of attorney, testamentary and/or intervivos (living) trusts can avoid future attorney’s fees from 50 to 100 times the amount required for preventive care.  Probate and/or litigation without a will in a large estate, disability, dementia, Alzheimer disease or other medical issues requiring guardianship and/or extraordinary legal procedures vastly exceed the basic costs of preventive care.  The cost of fixing the legal problem after the event is extraordinary versus the simple matter of preventive legal care in the first place.  Fees ranging from $500 to $5,000, depending on the complexity of the estate or matter, at first blush might appear large but may frequently be increased by 2 to 3 zeros in complicated, complex litigation that can last for years.

Marital prenuptial agreements are emotionally delicate, but may be a useful and significant tool to provide creditor protection throughout a marriage and reduce the cost of dissolving a marriage, an unfortunate circumstance, by thousands and thousands of dollars.

A properly prepared and executed contract for the purchase and sale of land or for the purchase and sale of a business when accomplished before the transaction is essential in fixing the rights of the parties, establishing enforceability of their promises and the cost necessary to force compliance with those promises.  Time after time, I find a client who comes into my office and looks at me with dog eyes and says, “Can you help me in this business transaction?  I’ve already signed the contract.”  My response, of course, is “Yes, it is my pleasure.  But, it is going to be far more expensive now than if you had simply prophylactically entered into an enforceable agreement prior to the conduct you allege is fraudulent or the subject of a breach at this time.”

The examples above may be extended into almost every area of the law.  Why in the world would anyone want to market an invention, a well known mark of their business or trade, a manuscript or other written document without first having protected those items through trademarks, patents, copyrights or, at the very least, non-disclosure agreements?  A common complaint echoed throughout the years has been the significant cost of the judicial system and the financial burden of enforcing ones right in the courts of law of the state or federal government.  With a bit of foresight and ingenuity and the help of an ethical, competent attorney, and the willingness to spend a smaller sum of money, many of the problems, disappointments and disenfranchisement’s with the judicial system may be bypassed altogether.

In closing, I am reminded of the classical advertisement by Mr. Goodwrench.  “Pay me now or pay me later.”  Preventative maintenance of the most important legal aspects of your life are as important as preventive maintenance of your car.  Have you priced a new engine versus a can of oil lately?

In Sickness and in Health: When is the Right Time to Prepare a Will

August 12th, 2009

Despite the recent drama over Michael Jackson’s death, he did many things right when it comes to end-of-life estate planning. The most critical thing Jackson did was to name a business associate as executor to carry out his wishes and designate a guardian for his minor children. He also set up a family trust that should keep the division of his estate out of the public eye.

As opposed to Jackson, Steve McNair, former NFL quarterback, died intestate (without a will). According to reports not personally verified by the writer, McNair had a wife, two children from a former marriage, and two children from a previous relationship. Now, instead of being able to decide for himself how his property should be distributed, the distribution of his assets will be determined by a formula set forth under state law.

Too often people do not get around to making a will. The problem is there is no deadline to make sure it is done before your death, and people do not like to think about dying. It is important to remember that if you die without a will state law dictates what happens to your property and assets and a court of law may determine who has custody of your children.

While mortality is a difficult topic to discuss or think about, leaving your family with large financial decisions isn’t pleasant either. Start by assessing your overall financial picture – your net worth. You need to identify not only your financial investment assets but also the value of your real and personal property.

Craft a will. With the assistance of an attorney, you can outline how you wish your estate – your assets and liabilities – to pass through after your death. Your assets along with your debt will need to be handled by your family. Identify anything that may need to be taken care of in case you are incapacitated. Check on taxes that may need to be paid by your estate. Remember to keep your will updated if you move, remarry, divorce, or experience any significant change in your life.

In some cases you may wish to discuss your desires with trusted family members. By letting others know what your plans are, you can prevent misunderstandings after your death. In some cases complete privacy is indicated. Choose an executor. Whether it is a family member or friend, the executor needs to be someone that can be trusted to handle the decisions and paperwork surrounding your death and the probate of your estate. Choose a successor. Be careful when choosing a spouse whose health may be failing along with your own.

Protect your assets with a trust. Setting up trusts can allow you to provide for your family and beneficiaries after you are gone and in some cases bypass probate and the associated expenses altogether. Plus, in the appropriate case and jurisdiction a trust may aid in lessening the potential taxes on your estate. Talk over your planning and estate needs with a financial advisor. You can provide an income to a surviving spouse and children, safeguard your assets until your children reach a set age or establish a trust for a charitable organization. The benefits of a trust are: federal unified tax credit to leave assets tax-free; providing income to one beneficiary for his or her lifetime, and the balance to others; professional investment assistance and management; and postponing estate taxes with property transfers. The various types of trusts you may want to consider and/or discuss with your attorney are: revocable living trust; testamentary trust; living trust; and irrevocable and charitable trusts.

Keep your children in mind. Make sure that you name a guardian who will care for them into adulthood. Establish how you want your children to inherit your estate, whether it is through investments or trusts. Choosing the guardian of your children is very important. Be sure that whomever you name is aware of and willing to take on the responsibility. You may want to also take into consideration their age and health.

Periodically review your plan (especially in the case of divorce or death of a spouse or beneficiary). Your estate will change over time. Do not assume that what you set up five years ago will be what is best for your present estate. Money grows, investments change, you may downsize your housing needs – reassess your plan and make the changes in writing.

What Will Happen to My Pet When I Die?: Providing a Future for your Pet

June 2nd, 2009

As a responsible pet owner, it is important to ensure their quality of care continues should something unexpected happen to you. 

 

Is a will the best option?

 

A will takes effect only upon your death.  It may not be probated and formally recognized until weeks or possibly months later.  If legal disputes arise, the final settlement of property may be prolonged.  Even the determination the rightful new owner of a pet may be delayed.  This does not mean that you should not include a provision in your will to provide for your pet, it simply means that you should explore additional documents that compensate for a will’s limitations.

 

Setting up a Trust

 

A trust can provide for pets immediately because you determine when your trust becomes effective.  When you create a trust for your pet, money is set side to be used for the pet’s care and trustees are specified to control the funds. 

 

A trust can be written to exclude certain assets from the probate process so that funds are more readily available to care for your pet and can be structured to provide for a pet during a lengthy disability.  Furthermore, trusts are legal entities that are relatively expensive to administer and maintain

 

An attorney can make sure that the trust is specific as to the animal, valid and enforceable.  However, tying up a substantial amount of money or property in trust for an animal’s benefit may prove to be controversial. 

 

Power of Attorney

 

A power of attorney, which authorized someone else to conduct your affairs for you while you are incapacitated have become a standard practice.  The power of attorney can be written to become effective upon your physical or mental incapacitation and continue in effect upon your death.  They are much simpler than trusts and do not create a legal entity that needs to be maintained by formal means.  Provisions can be inserted authorizing your attorney-in-fact to take care of your pets, expend money to do so, and even place why our pets with permanent caregivers if appropriate. 

 

Like other legal devices, the power of attorney is a document that by itself cannot ensure your pet is fed, walked, medicated, or otherwise cared for.  It is simply a tool to assist your efforts in thinking ahead and finding temporary or permanent caregivers who can take over the care of your pet should the immediate need arise.

 

What is a reasonable sum to leave?

 

Documents should stipulate the amount and frequency of payments and whether they should be adjusted for inflation.

 

To answer this question you must take into account the age, health, estimated lifespan and number of pets involved.  It also depends on how much care you wish the animal to receive.  If the animal gets cancer or some other ailment, what kind of treatment do you want to provide?  You may also want to consider burial or cremation and ceremonial expenses. 

 

Leaving too little money may compromise the future care of your pet.  Leaving too much money may cause problems with potential heirs. 

 

Finally, you will want to make sure you include the cost involved in paying the caretaker and/or trustees for their time and effort.

 

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